机器学习（ML）模型，例如SVM，用于分类和序列的聚类等任务，需要定义序列对之间的距离/相似性。已经提出了几种方法来计算序列之间的相似性，例如确切的方法计算$ k $ -s-mers（长度$ k $的子序列）之间的匹配数和估计成对相似性得分的近似方法。尽管精确的方法产生了更好的分类性能，但它们的计算成本很高，将其适用性限制在少量序列中。事实证明，近似算法更可扩展，并具有相当的性能（有时更好）确切方法 - 它们以“一般”方式设计用于处理不同类型的序列（例如音乐，蛋白质等）。尽管一般适用性是算法的所需属性，但在所有情况下都不是这种情况。例如，在当前的Covid-19（冠状病毒）大流行中，需要一种可以专门处理冠状病毒的方法。为此，我们提出了一系列方法来提高近似内核的性能（使用最小化和信息增益），以增强其预测性能PM冠状病毒序列。更具体地说，我们使用域知识（使用信息增益计算）和有效的预处理（使用最小值计算）来提高近似内核的质量，以对与不同变体相对应的冠状病毒峰值蛋白序列进行分类（例如，Alpha，Beta，Beta，Gamma）。我们使用不同的分类和聚类算法报告结果，并使用多个评估指标评估其性能。使用两个数据集，我们表明我们提出的方法有助于与医疗保健领域的基线和最先进的方法相比，有助于提高内核的性能。

Security issues are threatened in various types of networks, especially in the Internet of Things (IoT) environment that requires early detection. IoT is the network of real-time devices like home automation systems and can be controlled by open-source android devices, which can be an open ground for attackers. Attackers can access the network, initiate a different kind of security breach, and compromises network control. Therefore, timely detecting the increasing number of sophisticated malware attacks is the challenge to ensure the credibility of network protection. In this regard, we have developed a new malware detection framework, Deep Squeezed-Boosted and Ensemble Learning (DSBEL), comprised of novel Squeezed-Boosted Boundary-Region Split-Transform-Merge (SB-BR-STM) CNN and ensemble learning. The proposed S.T.M. block employs multi-path dilated convolutional, Boundary, and regional operations to capture the homogenous and heterogeneous global malicious patterns. Moreover, diverse feature maps are achieved using transfer learning and multi-path-based squeezing and boosting at initial and final levels to learn minute pattern variations. Finally, the boosted discriminative features are extracted from the developed deep SB-BR-STM CNN and provided to the ensemble classifiers (SVM, M.L.P., and AdaboostM1) to improve the hybrid learning generalization. The performance analysis of the proposed DSBEL framework and SB-BR-STM CNN against the existing techniques have been evaluated by the IOT_Malware dataset on standard performance measures. Evaluation results show progressive performance as 98.50% accuracy, 97.12% F1-Score, 91.91% MCC, 95.97 % Recall, and 98.42 % Precision. The proposed malware analysis framework is helpful for the timely detection of malicious activity and suggests future strategies.

现在，诸如无人机之类的无人机，从捕获和目标检测的各种目的中，从Ariel Imagery等捕获和目标检测的各种目的很大使用。轻松进入这些小的Ariel车辆到公众可能导致严重的安全威胁。例如，可以通过使用无人机在公共公共场合中混合的间谍来监视关键位置。在手中研究提出了一种改进和高效的深度学习自治系统，可以以极大的精度检测和跟踪非常小的无人机。建议的系统由自定义深度学习模型Tiny Yolov3组成，其中一个非常快速的物体检测模型的口味之一，您只能构建并用于检测一次（YOLO）。物体检测算法将有效地检测无人机。与以前的Yolo版本相比，拟议的架构表现出显着更好的性能。在资源使用和时间复杂性方面观察到改进。使用召回和精度分别为93％和91％的测量来测量性能。

在过去的二十年中，在遥感（RS）图像中，开发对象检测方法的重大努力。在大多数情况下，遥感图像中的小对象检测的数据集不足。许多研究人员使用了场景分类数据集进行对象检测，这具有其限制;例如，大型对象在对象类别中寡出小对象。因此，他们缺乏多样性;这进一步影响了RS图像中的小对象探测器的检测性能。本文审查了当前数据集和对象检测方法（基于深度学习），用于遥感图像。我们还提出了一种大规模的公开可用的基准遥感超分辨率对象检测（RSSOD）数据集。 RSSOD数据集由1,759个手注释的图像组成，具有22,091个非常高分辨率（VHR）图像，空间分辨率为约0.05米。每个类有五个类别，每个类的标签频率不同。从卫星图像中提取图像贴片，包括真实图像扭曲，例如切向尺度失真和歪斜失真。我们还提出了一种新型多级循环超分辨率生成的对抗网络，具有残余特征聚合（MCGR）和辅助YOLOV5检测器，用于基于基于图像超分辨率的对象检测，并与现有的基于最先进的方法进行比较在图像超分辨率（SR）。与当前最先进的NLSN方法相比，所提出的MCGR为图像SR实现了最新的图像SR性能。 MCGR分别实现了0.758,0.881,0.841和0.983的最佳物体检测映射，分别超过最先进的对象探测器的性能YOLOV5，高效文件，更快的RCNN，SSD和RETINANET。

为了满足下一代无线通信网络的极其异构要求，研究界越来越依赖于使用机器学习解决方案进行实时决策和无线电资源管理。传统的机器学习采用完全集中的架构，其中整个培训数据在一个节点上收集，即云服务器，显着提高了通信开销，并提高了严重的隐私问题。迄今为止，最近提出了作为联合学习（FL）称为联合学习的分布式机器学习范式。在FL中，每个参与边缘设备通过使用自己的培训数据列举其本地模型。然后，通过无线信道，本地训练模型的权重或参数被发送到中央ps，聚合它们并更新全局模型。一方面，FL对优化无线通信网络的资源起着重要作用，另一方面，无线通信对于FL至关重要。因此，FL和无线通信之间存在“双向”关系。虽然FL是一个新兴的概念，但许多出版物已经在FL的领域发表了发布及其对下一代无线网络的应用。尽管如此，我们注意到没有任何作品突出了FL和无线通信之间的双向关系。因此，本调查纸的目的是通过提供关于FL和无线通信之间的相互依存性的及时和全面的讨论来弥合文学中的这种差距。

This paper presents our solutions for the MediaEval 2022 task on DisasterMM. The task is composed of two subtasks, namely (i) Relevance Classification of Twitter Posts (RCTP), and (ii) Location Extraction from Twitter Texts (LETT). The RCTP subtask aims at differentiating flood-related and non-relevant social posts while LETT is a Named Entity Recognition (NER) task and aims at the extraction of location information from the text. For RCTP, we proposed four different solutions based on BERT, RoBERTa, Distil BERT, and ALBERT obtaining an F1-score of 0.7934, 0.7970, 0.7613, and 0.7924, respectively. For LETT, we used three models namely BERT, RoBERTa, and Distil BERTA obtaining an F1-score of 0.6256, 0.6744, and 0.6723, respectively.

The existing methods for video anomaly detection mostly utilize videos containing identifiable facial and appearance-based features. The use of videos with identifiable faces raises privacy concerns, especially when used in a hospital or community-based setting. Appearance-based features can also be sensitive to pixel-based noise, straining the anomaly detection methods to model the changes in the background and making it difficult to focus on the actions of humans in the foreground. Structural information in the form of skeletons describing the human motion in the videos is privacy-protecting and can overcome some of the problems posed by appearance-based features. In this paper, we present a survey of privacy-protecting deep learning anomaly detection methods using skeletons extracted from videos. We present a novel taxonomy of algorithms based on the various learning approaches. We conclude that skeleton-based approaches for anomaly detection can be a plausible privacy-protecting alternative for video anomaly detection. Lastly, we identify major open research questions and provide guidelines to address them.

Adversarial training is an effective approach to make deep neural networks robust against adversarial attacks. Recently, different adversarial training defenses are proposed that not only maintain a high clean accuracy but also show significant robustness against popular and well studied adversarial attacks such as PGD. High adversarial robustness can also arise if an attack fails to find adversarial gradient directions, a phenomenon known as `gradient masking'. In this work, we analyse the effect of label smoothing on adversarial training as one of the potential causes of gradient masking. We then develop a guided mechanism to avoid local minima during attack optimization, leading to a novel attack dubbed Guided Projected Gradient Attack (G-PGA). Our attack approach is based on a `match and deceive' loss that finds optimal adversarial directions through guidance from a surrogate model. Our modified attack does not require random restarts, large number of attack iterations or search for an optimal step-size. Furthermore, our proposed G-PGA is generic, thus it can be combined with an ensemble attack strategy as we demonstrate for the case of Auto-Attack, leading to efficiency and convergence speed improvements. More than an effective attack, G-PGA can be used as a diagnostic tool to reveal elusive robustness due to gradient masking in adversarial defenses.

Objective: Despite numerous studies proposed for audio restoration in the literature, most of them focus on an isolated restoration problem such as denoising or dereverberation, ignoring other artifacts. Moreover, assuming a noisy or reverberant environment with limited number of fixed signal-to-distortion ratio (SDR) levels is a common practice. However, real-world audio is often corrupted by a blend of artifacts such as reverberation, sensor noise, and background audio mixture with varying types, severities, and duration. In this study, we propose a novel approach for blind restoration of real-world audio signals by Operational Generative Adversarial Networks (Op-GANs) with temporal and spectral objective metrics to enhance the quality of restored audio signal regardless of the type and severity of each artifact corrupting it. Methods: 1D Operational-GANs are used with generative neuron model optimized for blind restoration of any corrupted audio signal. Results: The proposed approach has been evaluated extensively over the benchmark TIMIT-RAR (speech) and GTZAN-RAR (non-speech) datasets corrupted with a random blend of artifacts each with a random severity to mimic real-world audio signals. Average SDR improvements of over 7.2 dB and 4.9 dB are achieved, respectively, which are substantial when compared with the baseline methods. Significance: This is a pioneer study in blind audio restoration with the unique capability of direct (time-domain) restoration of real-world audio whilst achieving an unprecedented level of performance for a wide SDR range and artifact types. Conclusion: 1D Op-GANs can achieve robust and computationally effective real-world audio restoration with significantly improved performance. The source codes and the generated real-world audio datasets are shared publicly with the research community in a dedicated GitHub repository1.

Automatic medical image classification is a very important field where the use of AI has the potential to have a real social impact. However, there are still many challenges that act as obstacles to making practically effective solutions. One of those is the fact that most of the medical imaging datasets have a class imbalance problem. This leads to the fact that existing AI techniques, particularly neural network-based deep-learning methodologies, often perform poorly in such scenarios. Thus this makes this area an interesting and active research focus for researchers. In this study, we propose a novel loss function to train neural network models to mitigate this critical issue in this important field. Through rigorous experiments on three independently collected datasets of three different medical imaging domains, we empirically show that our proposed loss function consistently performs well with an improvement between 2%-10% macro f1 when compared to the baseline models. We hope that our work will precipitate new research toward a more generalized approach to medical image classification.